畜牧学专业英语词汇

畜牧业考研单词

1. General Terminology

Livestock

: Domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce commodities such as food, fiber, and labor.

Ruminant

: Animals like cattle and sheep that have a stomach with four compartments, enabling them to digest tough plant materials.

Monogastric

: Animals like pigs and poultry that have a singlecompartment stomach.

Grazing

: Feeding on growing grass or other plants.

Forage

: Vegetation grown for feeding livestock.

Silage

: Fermented green forage used as feed for livestock.

Pasture

: Land covered with grass or other plants suitable for grazing animals.

Fodder

: Food given to livestock, especially coarse feed such as hay or straw.

Stocker

: Cattle raised on pastures for a few months after weaning before being fattened for market.

Cowcalf operation

: Beef cattle operation focusing on breeding cows and raising calves.

Feedlot

: Confined area used for the controlled feeding of animals.

2. SpeciesSpecific Terms

Bovine

: Relating to cattle.

Ovine

: Relating to sheep.

Caprine

: Relating to goats.

Porcine

: Relating to pigs.

Equine

: Relating to horses.

Poultry

: Domesticated birds kept for meat or eggs (e.g., chickens, ducks, turkeys).

Lamb

: Young sheep.

Kid

: Young goat.

Calf

: Young bovine.

Foal

: Young horse.

3. Breeding and Genetics

Breeding

: Controlled propagation of animals for desirable traits.

Crossbreeding

: Breeding of two different breeds to obtain offspring with specific traits.

Genotype

: Genetic makeup of an organism.

Phenotype

: Observable characteristics of an organism resulting from its genotype and environment.

Inbreeding

: Breeding of closely related individuals within a breed.

Outbreeding

: Breeding of unrelated individuals.

Selection

: Process of choosing animals with desirable traits as breeding stock.

Artificial Insemination (AI)

: Introduction of semen into the reproductive tract of a female by means other than natural mating.

Embryo Transfer

: Moving embryos from a donor female to recipient females.

4. Health and Nutrition

Veterinary

: Pertaining to the branch of medicine dealing with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals.

Nutrient

: Substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and maintenance of life.

Mineral

: Inorganic substance essential for the normal growth and maintenance of life.

Vitamin

: Organic compound required as a nutrient in tiny amounts by an organism.

Disease

: Abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism.

Parasite

: Organism living on or in an organism of another species, known as the host, from which it obtains nutrients.

Vaccination

: Administration of antigenic material to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity.

5. Management Practices

Herd

: Group of animals of a single species kept together under human control.

Range

: Large area of land where animals roam and feed.

Husbandry

: Care, cultivation, and breeding of crops and animals.

Stockmanship

: Skill of handling and caring for livestock.

Shearing

: Removing the fleece from sheep.

Branding

: Marking animals to indicate ownership.

Grading

: Sorting animals into classes based on specific characteristics.

Weaning

: Gradual deprivation of milk to an animal that has been feeding solely on its dam's milk.

Castration

: Removal of the testicles of a male animal.

6. Economics and Marketing

Market weight

: Weight of an animal suitable for sale.

Price per pound

: Amount of money received per pound of an animal or animal product.

Commodity

: Economic good or service.

Supply and demand

: Relationship between the quantities of a commodity that producers are willing to sell at various prices and the quantities that consumers are willing to buy.

Market class

: Group of animals grouped according to use, quality, or other traits.

Grainfed

: Animal that has been fed mainly on grain to increase its weight before being sold.

7. Environmental Issues

Sustainability

: Ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level.

Environmental impact

: Effect of human activity on the environment.

Climate change

: Longterm change in the average weather patterns.

Waste management

: Managing waste to prevent harm to human health and the environment.

Water quality

: Condition of water in terms of the presence of harmful chemicals or microorganisms.

8. Policy and Regulation

Regulatory

: Law, rule, or regulation.

Zoning

: Division of a region or city into zones to control how land is used.

Subsidy

: Sum of money granted by the government to help an industry.

Tariff

: Tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports.

Conclusion

These terms are fundamental for understanding various aspects of animal husbandry, which is crucial for those studying for the livestock industry entrance examination.

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